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Diazepam dosage for sleep

Tablets and liquid · anxiety – is 2mg taken 3 times a day. This can be increased to 5mg to 10mg 3 times a day. · sleep problems (related to anxiety) Diazepam dosage for sleep

Diazepam, first marketed as Valium, is a medicine of the benzodiazepine family that acts as an anxiolytic.^[9] It is commonly used to treat a range of conditions, including anxiety, seizures, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome, muscle spasms, insomnia, and restless legs syndrome.^[9] It may also be used to cause memory loss during certain medical procedures.^[10]^[11] It can be taken by mouth, inserted into the rectum, injected into muscle, injected into a vein or used as a nasal spray.^[5]^[11] When given into a vein, effects begin in one to five minutes and last up to an hour.^[11] By mouth, effects begin after 15 to 60 minutes.^[12]

Common side effects include sleepiness and trouble with coordination.^[7]^[11] Serious side effects are rare.^[9] They include suicide, decreased breathing, and an increased risk of seizures if used too frequently in those with epilepsy.^[9]^[11]^[13] Occasionally, excitement or agitation may occur.^[14]^[15] Long-term use can result in tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal symptoms on dose reduction.^[9] Abrupt stopping after long-term use can be potentially dangerous.^[9] After stopping, cognitive problems may persist for six months or longer.^[14] It is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding.^[11] Its mechanism of action works by increasing the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).^[14]

Diazepam was patented in 1959 by Hoffmann-La Roche.^[9][16][17] It has been one of the most frequently prescribed medications in the world since its launch in 1963.^[9] In the United States it was the best-selling medication between 1968 and 1982, selling more than 2 billion tablets in 1978 alone.^[9] In 2018, it was the 115th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 6 million prescriptions.^[18][19] In 1985 the patent ended, and there are now more than 500 brands available on the market.^[9] It is on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines.

Diazepam is mainly used to treat anxiety, insomnia, panic attacks and symptoms of acute alcohol withdrawal. It is also used as a premedication for inducing sedation, anxiolysis, or amnesia before certain medical procedures (e.g., endoscopy).^[21]^[22] In 2020, it was approved for use in the United States as a nasal spray to interrupt seizure activity in people with epilepsy.^[5]^[23] Diazepam is the most commonly used benzodiazepine for “tapering” benzodiazepine dependence due to the drug’s comparatively long half-life, allowing for more efficient dose reduction. Benzodiazepines have a relatively low toxicity in overdose.^[14]

Diazepam has a number of uses including:

Treatment of anxiety, panic attacks, and states of agitation^[21]^[24]
Treatment of neurovegetative symptoms associated with vertigo^[25]
Treatment of the symptoms of alcohol, opiate, and benzodiazepine withdrawal^[21]^[26]
Short-term treatment of insomnia^[21]
Treatment of muscle spasms
Treatment of tetanus, together with other measures of intensive treatment^[27]
Adjunctive treatment of spastic muscular paresis (paraplegia/tetraplegia) caused by cerebral or spinal cord conditions such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, or spinal cord injury (long-term treatment is coupled with other rehabilitative measures)^[28]
Palliative treatment of stiff person syndrome^[29]
Pre- or postoperative sedation, anxiolysis or amnesia (e.g., before endoscopic or surgical procedures)^[28]
Treatment of complications with stimulant overdoses and psychosis, such as cocaine or methamphetamine^[30]

Used in treatment of organophosphate poisoning and reduces the risk of seizure induced brain and cardiac damage.

Preventive treatment of oxygen toxicity during hyperbaric oxygen therapy^[31]

Dosages should be determined on an individual basis, depending on the condition being treated, severity of symptoms, patient body weight, and any other conditions the person may have.